Harvard Extension School
CSCI E-12 Fundamentals of Web Site Development | Spring 2019

## Breadcrumb Navigation

> "Just wait, Gretel, until the moon rises, and then we shall see the crumbs of bread which I have strewn about, they will show us our way home again.", Hansel in Hansel and Gretel

Key points:

- inline display
- background image for arrows

Markup "breadcrumb" navigation using nested lists so that markup reflects the parent/child or hierarchy relationship.

Strategy is similar to that of creating tabs. Use "display: inline" to make list items inline; use background image for "li" to show arrow.

Example 6.14 - Nested lists for 'breadcrumb' navigation - Example 6.14 (Without Styles) | <div id="breadcrumb"><ul><li><a href="http://dmoz.org/">Top</a><ul><li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/">Science</a><ul><li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/">Biology</a><ul><li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Genetics/"> Genetics</a><ul><li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Genetics/Genomics/"> Genomics</a><ul><li><span>Pharmacogenetics</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div>/* Order of pseudo-"a" elements: LoVe HAte (Link, Visited, Hover, Active */ #breadcrumb a:link , #breadcrumb a:visited , #breadcrumb a:hover , #breadcrumb a:active , #breadcrumb li span { color: navy; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; } #breadcrumb a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } #breadcrumb li span { color: black; } #breadcrumb { background-color: #ddd; } #breadcrumb ul { display: inline; margin-left: 0; padding-left: 0; } #breadcrumb ul li { display: inline; } #breadcrumb ul ul li { background-image: url(images/arrow.gif); background-position: left; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-left: 25px; }

- Markup
- Style

    <div id="breadcrumb"><ul>
    <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/">Top</a><ul>
    <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/">Science</a><ul>
    <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/">Biology</a><ul>
    <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Genetics/">Genetics</a><ul>
    <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Genetics/Genomics/">Genomics</a><ul>
    <li><span>Pharmacogenetics</span></li>
    </ul></li>
    </ul></li>
    </ul></li>
    </ul></li>
    </ul></li>
    </ul></div>

In `head` element:

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="example14.css"/>

In example14.css

    /*
      Order of pseudo-"a" elements:
      LoVe HAte (Link, Visited, Hover, Active
    */
    #breadcrumb a:link , #breadcrumb a:visited ,
    #breadcrumb a:hover , #breadcrumb a:active , #breadcrumb li span {
      color: navy;
      font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
      font-size: small;
      font-weight: normal;
      padding: 0.5em;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    #breadcrumb a:hover {
      text-decoration: underline;
    }
    #breadcrumb li span {
      color: black;
    }
    #breadcrumb {
      background-color: #ddd;
    }
    #breadcrumb ul {
      display: inline;
      margin-left: 0;
      padding-left: 0;
    }
    #breadcrumb ul li {
      display: inline;
    }
    #breadcrumb ul ul li {
      background-image: url(images/arrow.gif);
      background-position: left;
      background-repeat: no-repeat;
      padding-left: 25px;
    }

Copyright © David Heitmeyer