Harvard Extension School
CSCI E-12 Fundamentals of Web Site Development | Fall 2019

## Line Breaks and white space characters (br element)

Since "white space" characters are ignored in rendering HTML, the `br` element is used for explicit line breaks.

Examples below are from the first part of Paul Revere's Ride by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Example 2.8 - Using br for line breaks - Example 2.8 | Example 2.8 JSFiddle Example 2.8 Gist Example 2.8 bl.ocks

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    <p style="background-color: #ffc">Using br for line breaks:</p>
    <p>Listen, my children, and you shall hear<br/>Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,<br/>On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five:<br/>Hardly a man is now alive<br/>Who remembers that famous day and year.</p>
    <p style="background-color: #ffc">Line breaks and spaces in HTML code don't render...(exception below):</p>
    <p>Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five: Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year.</p>
    <p style="background-color: #ffc">...except in the "pre" (preformatted) element:</p>
    <pre>Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five: Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year.</pre>

Using br for line breaks:

Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five:
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year.

Line breaks and spaces in HTML code don't render...(exception below):

Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five: Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year.

...except in the "pre" (preformatted) element:

    Listen, my children, and you shall hear
        Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
    On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five:
        Hardly a man is now alive
    Who remembers that famous day and year.

You can use a non-breaking space (&#160; or &nbsp; character entities) for spaces that won't be collapsed:

    <p style="background-color: #ffc">You can use a non-breaking space (&amp;#160; or &amp;nbsp; character entities):</p>
    <p>
    Listen, my children, and you shall hear<br/>
    &#160;&#160;&#160;Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,<br/>
    On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five:<br/>
    &#160;&#160;&#160;Hardly a man is now alive<br/>
    Who remembers that famous day and year.
    </p>

Copyright © David Heitmeyer